Fractal Genome: Post Genome Era Analytics To Rescue India’s opportunities in IT-led Pharma Biotech.

Guest Author: Ram M.V. Ramanujam, President-Founder and CEO, Propinquity Therapeutics, Bangalore, India.

Genomics Pioneers and mathematical approaches in Biology are illustrative as the papers revealed that a repetitive self-similar process governs how the fractal genome is. The immediate resonance probably happened as in India, our culture art, and science are rather deeply rooted in self-similar repetitions of the fractals as well as in mathematics. Indian temples have been examples of “fractal architecture” since ancient times. Therefore, we naturally and immediately embraced the Pioneers works”. I am an ardent advocate of his breakthrough in India, privy to his discovery in Fractal Genomics and their Pioneering fractal approach. With all that talk about “everything is fractal in India,” we are not ignorant of Western cultures. Indeed, European mathematicians are much appreciated. Archimedes, Pythagoras, Euclid, etc., were admittedly of great influence on the mind of French philosopher and natural scientist Descartes even in the 1600-s. Newton’s Euclidean geometry and Einstein’s groundbreaking theories and observations were on par with philosopher Immanuel Kant. We know very little about Euclid and way too little about Pythagoras. Along these lines, some keen insights

into biology were shaped by mathematics, namely by Euler, Gauss, Jacobi, and David Hilbert, followed by physics giants Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrodinger, and John von Neumann. Thinking machines were projected by Alan Turing. Physicists with an interest in biology and genomics were common; see “What is Life” by Erwin Schrodinger.

At this point emerged French fractal giant Benoit Mandelbrot, who embraced the Fractals and Fractal theory but stayed away from life sciences as he speculated that biologists were not ready, even after the insistence of John von Neumann to apply mathematics to biology. Central Dogma by Susumu Ohno proposed was published exactly 60 years ago, and one decade ago, BGI of China purchased Complete Genomics Inc of silicon valley.

Mathematics is the mother of all sciences. Norbert Weiner came up with a distinct discipline, Cybernetics, centered on feedback, while Crick and Ohno marched ahead with “no feedback” notions of the Central Dogma and Junk DNA. The Pellionisz Principle reversed both false axioms and thus liberated Molecular Biology. What we do know is that in India’s Vedic period, speculated to be started by 5000 BC, Indian mathematics and astronomy were embedded in Vedic inscriptions. The principal scientist of his times was Dirgatamas Mamateya, 4000 BC, a priest of King Bharata, who ruled ancient India and was a great scholar and a saint. While the term “fractal” was coined by Dr.Mandelbrot in the late seventies, the concept goes back to Salbustra (Sutra means “Formula”). Arguably, the Sri Yantra diagram involves the application of two irrational numbers, the Pi and Golden ratios. This “cultural globe-trotting” seems relevant to this originating from present India. Dr. Bela Bollobas become a Fellow of the Royal Society at Trinity College, Cambridge, UK. Prof. Bollobas recounted how Srinivasa Ramanujan, a Madras city port clerk brought to Trinity College, was awarded FRS, working with GH Hardy and Littlewood, 1920s giants in mathematics in the UK. Ramanujan who compared with the likes of Jacobi, also laid solid foundations for fractals in the 1900s. Late Prof Luc Montagnier and JC Perez could almost instantly alert the world that Covid-19 showed aberrant fractal properties.

Dr. Andras Pellionisz being a bIologists, biophysicist, and computer scientist, proposed what is now considered a reversal of two fundamental axioms, a double heresy, the notion of Junk DNA as proposed by Susumu Ohno and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology as proposed by Francis Crick. Thus a postmodern era in genomics started with “The principle of recursive genome function.” The Pellionisz Principle overturned both mistaken axioms of Susumu Ohno’s “Junk DNA” and “Central Dogma” by Francis Crick. Recognition of the Late Benoit Mandelbrot came very delayed.

What we consistently believed is an affordable, low-cost outlet of genome editing led cure for genetic disorders to begin with, which was based on a serendipitous discovery by Y Ishino and Monica in 1987 and 2002, followed by Jennifer Doudna and Emmaneul Charpentier’s reprogrammed tool CRISPR. What ensued was a beautiful collaboration mind in Genomics and Mathematization of Genomics and a proposal. Gene editing requires. First, the deciphering of fractal defects in disease genomes but our current limitations and understanding leads to just determining commas and full stops like a spell checker scanning for grammatical error failing to specify smaller to larger deletions and additions, which we know are fractal defects like that of copy number variations. Lung cancer is the most prevalent killer in the USA, along with breast, colon, and prostate cancers. The lung, put, is the fractal signature. So is a cancerous tumor.

It is proposed that one part of the equation is well established now that we are not clear about what to edit, but we have as scientists are racing and have embarked on germline editing. While mechanisms of action of CRISPR-CAS9 and TALENS are just getting established, our scientists, in a race to gain name and fame, are editing genes, but sadly not know what or where to edit in cancer-type complex diseases and also limited off-targets effects that have to be minimized otherwise.

What we have is a cross-road approach; biologists have not fully accomplished even the Analytics of the T2 to T2 genome sequenced. People are just sequencing, with no full interpretations of genome sequences, yet we continue pouring big data at an astonishing rate.

Thus we embarked on our rather treacherous path of a bed of thorns trying to convince scientists and the commercial world to follow low cost affordable Genomic solutions for India and East and other developing LMIC countries where regulatory hurdles can be minimized. “the future pharma will be IT-led.” Smartphones will revolutionize genomic medicine, as embraced by Dr. Eric Topol in his famous book Creative Destruction of Medicine.

Discovery Epitome of 20th century the Indian Maize fame Barbara McClintock. For the History of Science, it may not matter much. For doing away with cancer, it will be a life-or-death issue for mankind. One last geo strategy note about genome editing. Many in security and Intelligence circles believe that genome editing is a cause for worry as it can inflict not only destruction at a mass level but genome-engineered designed soldiers are possible.

Intelligence circles cannot disregard the caveats and potential as remote possibilities of a mildly potent genome-engineered version of bio arsenal. While it is certainly not a garage-style DIY science, it should be no secret that scientists are already working on it. If the so-called skilled in the art hardly can decipher what to edit first, then the perils of misuse are at least far from reality at present. When designer babies are not welcome, and germline editing is a contentious issue subject to regulation; one can assume genome editing for diseases is the real potential for the next decade and the Genetic Engineering of the 21st Century.

Fractal genomics would make sense, making a home run for India and Developing nations since fractals are deeply embedded into ancient Indian culture and architecture and mathematics, now computer science and Software. It’s a rare opportunity for India to claim a space in the word genomics enterprise. The symbolism of Lindenmeyer fractals has been absorbed by me, the author of this piece. India has to enter its metal in the world of Genomics enterprise to carve out a rightful place in the world of post Genome era.

Fractal Genome: Post Genome Era Analytics To Rescue India’s Opportunities in IT-led Pharma Biotech – Guest Article.

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• Source: https://www.biotecnika.org/2023/06/fractal-genome-post-genome-era-analytics-to-rescue-indias-opportunities-in-it-led-pharma-biotech/