1School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
2Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena E-30202, Spain
3Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain
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Abstract
Energy storage is a basic physical process with many applications. When considering this task at the quantum scale, it becomes important to optimise the non-equilibrium dynamics of energy transfer to the storage device or battery. Here, we tackle this problem using the methods of quantum feedback control. Specifically, we study the deposition of energy into a quantum battery via an auxiliary charger. The latter is a driven-dissipative two-level system subjected to a homodyne measurement whose output signal is fed back linearly into the driving field amplitude. We explore two different control strategies, aiming to stabilise either populations or quantum coherences in the state of the charger. In both cases, linear feedback is shown to counteract the randomising influence of environmental noise and allow for stable and effective battery charging. We analyse the effect of realistic control imprecisions, demonstrating that this good performance survives inefficient measurements and small feedback delays. Our results highlight the potential of continuous feedback for the control of energetic quantities in the quantum regime.
Featured image: Illustration of a quantum feedback loop that pumps energy into a qubit charger, $C$, connected to a battery, $B$. The central inset shows two different feedback strategies on the qubit’s Bloch sphere, which are based on stabilising populations (blue arrows) or coherences (red arrows).
Talk at International Workshop “Open Quantum Dynamics and Thermodynamics”, hosted by the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, South Korea.
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[3] Tathagata Karmakar, Philippe Lewalle, and Andrew N. Jordan, “Stochastic Path Integral Analysis of the Continuously Monitored Quantum Harmonic Oscillator”, arXiv:2103.06111.
[4] Stella Seah, Martí Perarnau-Llobet, Géraldine Haack, Nicolas Brunner, and Stefan Nimmrichter, “Quantum speed-up in collisional battery charging”, arXiv:2105.01863.
[5] Anna Delmonte, Alba Crescente, Matteo Carrega, Dario Ferraro, and Maura Sassetti, “Characterization of a Two-Photon Quantum Battery: Initial Conditions, Stability and Work Extraction”, Entropy 23 5, 612 (2021).
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