Tag: Memory chips
What the heck is a discrete graphics card anyway?
If you're shopping around for a laptop or individual parts for your custom PC build, chances are you've come across technical terms like ‘discrete graphics' and ‘integrated graphics.' Sounds a bit confusing, doesn't it? Whether you're new to computer jargon or you're looking for a quick refresher, I've got you covered. Not only will you gain more clarity on the difference between discrete graphics cards and integrated graphics, but you'll also be able to confidently make an informed decision about the type of graphics you want when choosing your next system. Read on to learn more.
[ Further reading: The best graphics cards for PC gaming ]
Discrete graphics
A discrete graphics card is a GPU that's separate from the central processing unit, or CPU—hence the “discrete.” Essentially, it takes care of rendering all visuals and has its own dedicated memory and cooling. A discrete graphic card is installed in one of the PCIe (aka peripheral component interconnect expression—I dare you to say that five times fast) slots on your computer's motherboard. You can plug a lot of different things into a PCIe slot like network cards, SSD expansion cards, and more. However, graphics cards are the most common.
Remember how I said a discrete graphics card has its own dedicated memory? It's called VRAM, the acronym for video random access memory. Unlike RAM, which allows you to temporarily store and access data (think open files and such), VRAM is different in that it is much, much faster, which allows it to store intense graphical information. When the system calls forth an image, the VRAM will process it and then it shows up on the screen. If you're a gamer or video editor, having ample VRAM is super important, as it helps prevent any unnecessary stuttering or freezing. Unfortunately, it's a physical part that's soldered onto the GPU, so you can't upgrade it after the fact. Shop smart.
Discrete graphics cards tend to process visual tasks—be it gaming or video editing—significantly faster than integrated graphics. Graphics cards also hold more abundant visual outputs than integrated graphics, which typically relies on a single HDMI port on the back of your motherboard. You'll usually find several HDMI and DisplayPorts on discrete offerings.
If you want to go much, much deeper, our roundup of the best graphics cards for PC gaming includes a comprehensive section explaining what to look for in a discrete GPU.
Integrated graphics
Integrated graphics are a GPU that's attached to the processor. In other words, the GPU and CPU are on the same chip. Integrated graphics used to have a bad reputation, but nowadays they're surprisingly suitable for everyday use and lightweight gaming. You just have to be realistic with your expectations, as integrated graphics are more limited in terms of power.
One of the most important things to note is that integrated graphics shares its memory with the main system RAM. So, if you're doing anything resource-heavy, integrated graphics will use up as much RAM as it needs to. All visuals also have to go all the way out to the system memory to be processed, rather than occurring on memory chips located right next to the graphics chip itself, as is the case with discrete GPUs. You might notice some slowdown or freezing as a result, and systems that rely on integrated graphics will achieve faster gaming frame rates when paired with faster system RAM.
Which is better?
Ah. We've arrived at the most important question of all. Which is better? Well, it depends on what you plan on doing with your laptop or desktop PC. Are you a hardcore gamer that needs higher-than-average frame rates or would you consider yourself more of a casual gamer that plays older titles? Do you perform image editing tasks on your PC? Whatever your answer may be, it's going to directly impact your decision.
If you're after stable gaming performance or faster editing times, you'll want to spring for a laptop or PC with dedicated graphics. Since discrete graphics cards have their own dedicated memory and cooling solutions, they can have much larger graphics chips, usually making add-in boards much more powerful than even the most impressive integrated graphics. PC gamers who want to play the latest games will want a system with a discrete graphics card if possible. (May we make some recommendations?)
That said, there are a number of downsides to be aware of. A dedicated graphics card generates more heat and consumes more power. Plus, they tend to make laptops heavier and more bulky. Discrete graphics bumps up the price of a PC as well. If you're looking for a more economical option, you'll want to consider sticking with integrated graphics.
If you don't need a ton of graphics power for games or photo/image editing, a laptop or PC with integrated graphics is the way to go. Integrated visuals also consume far less energy than a dedicated graphics card. That means you'll get much better battery life out of a laptop and a slimmer, more portable profile (systems with integrated graphics don't require bulky extra cooling, either). Oh and you can still play some games, just not those big fancy triple-A titles. You'll just need to turn down the graphics a bit.
AMD’s $199 Radeon RX 6500 XT tested: 5 key things you need to know
AMD's $199 Radeon RX 6500 XT is here, bringing both real-time ray tracing and affordable graphics cards back to the masses—if it can stay well-stocked enough to remain on store shelves for close to its suggested pricing, that is. This ain't your average graphics card though. AMD needed to tweak and tune the Radeon RX 6500 XT to (hopefully) keep cryptocurrency miners at bay and hit the coveted, crucial sub-$200 price point.
Putting this GPU through its paces took quite a bit more effort and explaining than usual. Head over to our comprehensive Radeon RX 6500 XT review for the complete rundown, but for folks who don't feel like wading through thousands of words and dozens of charts worth of analysis, here are five key facts you need to know about the Radeon RX 6500 XT.
1. This is a great graphics card for beginning PC gamers…
PC gaming picked up serious steam over the pandemic, but newcomers haven't had a shot at investing in affordable new gear, with most graphics cards going for double MSRP or more thanks to a mixture of a chip crunch, logistics woes, booming demand from cryptocurrency miners seeking profits, and more. We've resorted to suggesting a CPU with good integrated graphics as the best budget “graphics card” for gaming. Ugh.
That changes with the Radeon RX 6500 XT. Not only is this card affordable at $199, it will absolutely chew through competitive e-sports titles at high frame rates, and play modern triple-A games at a fast pace using Medium to High settings at 1080p resolution. It also supports modern features like ray tracing, AMD's Smart Access Memory, FidelityFX Super Resolution, Radeon Anti-Lag, and Radeon Boost, and all but ray tracing can help make this graphics card run even faster. Groovy.
If you already have a graphics card like the GeForce GTX 1650 Super or Radeon RX 580, though, the Radeon RX 6500 XT doesn't provide enough of a performance uplift to be a compelling upgrade (unless you want access to those features).
2. …if you stick to what it's good at
Crafting a sub-$200 graphics card in these trying times required AMD to turn to some unorthodox design decisions. The Radeon RX 6500 XT packs a scant 4GB of GDDR6 memory over a minute 64-bit bus unheard-of in modern gaming GPUs, though those memory chips are clocked at a blazing-fast 18Gbps and come augmented by AMD's radical Infinity Cache technology. It also, somewhat shockingly, only supports four PCIe lanes rather than the usual 16.
Those decisions mean that while the Radeon RX 6500 XT excels at what it's designed for—e-sports, and triple-A gaming at Mid to High settings at 1080p resolution—if you crank the eye candy to Ultra or jack up the resolution to 1440p, you could run into performance issues (like slow frame rates or lag spikes). Start at 1080p Medium graphics presets in your favorite games and nudge knobs up from there if you're able.
3. It's built to evade crypto miners
AMD also announced a Radeon RX 6400 graphics card exclusive to prebuilt systems, with slower clock speeds and a much lower power draw.
AMD
While many of AMD's design choices were no doubt made to hit the Radeon RX 6500 XT's juicy $199 suggested pricing, it's a bit more complicated than that when it comes to the memory system. If the GPU world wasn't so crazy right now, releasing a 1080p graphics card with just 4GB of RAM and a 64-bit bus in 2022 would get AMD laughed out of town. But in today's wild graphics card market, those limited specifications are almost genuine features, as the memory configuration will make the Radeon RX 6500 XT unappealing for mining Ethereum, the popular cryptocurrency fueling a lot of the sky-high graphics card demand. Ethereum thrives on memory bandwidth, and mining it requires your graphics card to have more than 4GB of memory.
“There's a lot of dynamics that are involved in the availability of the GPUs we have,” Radeon vice president Laura Smith said to PCWorld as part of a small roundtable with journalists during CES. “We have really optimized this one to be gaming first….You can see that with the way we've configured the part. Even with the four gigs of frame buffer, that's a really nice frame buffer size for the majority of triple-A games, but it's not particularly attractive if you're doing blockchain-type or mining activities. We've tried to make some gamer-first transitions for the things we don't control, but we have influence over, to optimize that card to be as accessible as possible to the use of gamers.”
We'll see if that translates into actual widespread availability at its $199 suggested price, but the Radeon RX 6500 XT has a better shot than most modern graphics cards at actually being obtainable—including Nvidia's imminent $250 GeForce RTX 3050. Fingers crossed. For more info, check out our explainer on why less memory could mean more in AMD and Nvidia's budget GPU battle.
4. Don't worry about using the Radeon RX 6500 XT in an older PC
After its reveal, gamers worried that the Radeon RX 6500 XT's four limited PCIe lanes would translate to terrible performance on any gaming PC more than a few years old. That's because those lanes work best on modern computers featuring the much-faster PCIe 4.0 interface. Older PCs have PCIe 3.0, and people feared that detail, mixed with the minimal number of available lanes, would choke off frame rates.
Using the Radeon RX 6500 XT in PCIe 3.0 mode doesn't devastate performance like some gamers feared, if you're using reasonable graphics settings for this GPU.
Brad Chacos/IDG
Spoiler: It does, but not to a degree worth worrying about in most games, thanks to the helping hand provided by AMD's fast GDDR6 chips and 16MB of on-chip Infinity Cache. Across our 11-game test suite, we saw two major outliers—Rainbow Six Siege performed identically on both PCIe 3 and 4, while Total War: Troy suffered a major 18.4 percent loss on PCIe 3.0—but otherwise, games were only an average of 6.4 percent slower in PCIe 3.0 mode. That's noteworthy but doesn't significantly alter the value proposition of the graphics card. It's still usually in the same performance ballpark as GPUs like the Radeon RX 580 and 5500 XT, or Nvidia's GeForce GTX 1060 6GB and GTX 1650, regardless of which version of PCIe being used.
That said, you need to keep the Radeon RX 6500 XT's intended usage in mind. Stick to those Medium to High graphics settings at 1080p and only nudge things up as you can. If you try to play on Ultra settings in intense games, or at 1440p resolution, you're likely to exceed the 4GB frame buffer on this card and if that happens over PCIe 3.0, lag spikes and performance slowdowns could get real nasty, real fast.
5. Other missing features
AMD also stripped out some other features in its quest to hit the $199 price point, albeit ones the company claims that most people don't use in this pricing bracket. The Radeon RX 6500 XT lacks AV1 decoding as well as H.264 and H.265/HEVC encoding capabilities. (There are H.264 and H.265 decode, though.) AMD also only slapped singular HDMI 2.1 and DisplayPort connections on this GPU. The combination means that the Radeon RX 6500 XT won't be a great choice for home theater PCs, and people looking to stream their gaming adventures will probably want to look elsewhere as well.
That's it for our roundup of must-know facts. For much, much more info, be sure to check out our full comprehensive Radeon RX 6500 XT review.
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