Peres, N. M. R., Guinea, F. & Castro Neto, A. H. Electronic properties of disordered two-dimensional carbon. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 73, 125411 (2006).

Article  Google Scholar 

Sadowski, M. L., Martinez, G., Potemski, M., Berger, C. & De Heer, W. A. Landau level spectroscopy of ultrathin graphite layers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 266405 (2006).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jiang, Z. et al. Infrared spectroscopy of Landau levels of graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 197403 (2007).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gusynin, V. P., Sharapov, S. G. & Carbotte, J. P. Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 026222 (2007).

Article  Google Scholar 

Crassee, I. et al. Giant Faraday rotation in single- and multilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 7, 48–51 (2011).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Crassee, I. et al. Multicomponent magneto-optical conductivity of multilayer graphene on SiC. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 84, 035103 (2011).

Article  Google Scholar 

Goerbig, M. O. Electronic properties of graphene in a strong magnetic field. Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 1193 (2011).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Orlita, M. et al. Approaching the Dirac point in high-mobility multilayer epitaxial graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 267601 (2008).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kallin, C. & Halperin, B. I. Excitations from a filled Landau level in the two-dimensional electron gas. Phys. Rev. B 30, 5655 (1984).

Article  Google Scholar 

Lozovik, Y. E. & Sokolik, A. A. Influence of Landau level mixing on the properties of elementary excitations in graphene in strong magnetic field. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 7, 134 (2012).

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang, W., Apell, S. P. & Kinaret, J. M. Edge magnetoplasmons and the optical excitations in graphene disks. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 86, 125450 (2012).

Article  Google Scholar 

Andreev, I. V., Muravev, V. M., Semenov, N. D., Zabolotnykh, A. A. & Kukushkin, I. V. Magnetodispersion of two-dimensional plasmon polaritons. Phys. Rev. B 104, 195436 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Petković, I., Williams, F. I. B. & Glattli, D. C. Edge magnetoplasmons in graphene. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47, 094010 (2014).

Article  Google Scholar 

Poumirol, J. M. et al. Electrically controlled terahertz magneto-optical phenomena in continuous and patterned graphene. Nat. Commun. 8, 14626 (2017).

Article  Google Scholar 

Slipchenko, T. M., Poumirol, J. M., Kuzmenko, A. B., Nikitin, A. Y. & Martín-Moreno, L. Interband plasmon polaritons in magnetized charge-neutral graphene. Commun. Phys. 4, 110 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Iyengar, A., Wang, J., Fertig, H. A. & Brey, L. Excitations from filled Landau levels in graphene. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 75, 125430 (2007).

Article  Google Scholar 

Keilmann, F. & Hillenbrand, R. Near-field microscopy by elastic light scattering from a tip. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 362, 787–805 (2004).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen, X. et al. Modern scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy for advanced material research. Adv. Mater. 31, 1804774 (2019).

Article  Google Scholar 

Dapolito, M. et al. Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy with Akiyama piezo-probes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 120, 013104 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fei, Z. et al. Edge and surface plasmons in graphene nanoribbons. Nano Lett. 15, 8271–8276 (2015).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sunku, S. S. et al. Photonic crystals for nano-light in moiré graphene superlattices. Science 362, 1153–1156 (2018).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lundeberg, M. B. et al. Thermoelectric detection and imaging of propagating graphene plasmons. Nat. Mater. 16, 204–207 (2017).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jing, R. et al. Terahertz response of monolayer and few-layer WTe₂ at the nanoscale. Nat. Commun. 12, 5594 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Qazilbash, M. M. et al. Mott transition in VO₂ revealed by infrared spectroscopy and nano-imaging. Science 318, 1750–1753 (2007).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

McLeod, A. S. et al. Nanotextured phase coexistence in the correlated insulator V₂O₃. Nat. Phys. 13, 80–86 (2017).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Post, K. W. et al. Coexisting first- and second-order electronic phase transitions in a correlated oxide. Nat. Phys. 14, 1056–1061 (2018).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stinson, H. T. et al. Imaging the nanoscale phase separation in vanadium dioxide thin films at terahertz frequencies. Nat. Commun. 9, 3604 (2018).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sunku, S. S. et al. Nano-photocurrent mapping of local electronic structure in twisted bilayer graphene. Nano Lett. 20, 2958–2964 (2020).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Woessner, A. et al. Near-field photocurrent nanoscopy on bare and encapsulated graphene. Nat. Commun. 7, 10783 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shao, Y. et al. Nonlinear nanoelectrodynamics of a Weyl metal. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2116366118 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sunku, S. S. et al. Hyperbolic enhancement of photocurrent patterns in minimally twisted bilayer graphene. Nat. Commun. 12, 1641 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nedoliuk, I. O., Hu, S., Geim, A. K. & Kuzmenko, A. B. Colossal infrared and terahertz magneto-optical activity in a two-dimensional Dirac material. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 756–761 (2019).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kotov, V. N., Uchoa, B., Pereira, V. M., Guinea, F. & Castri Neto, A. H. Electron-electron interactions in graphene: current status and perspectives. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 1067 (2012).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shizuya, K. Many-body corrections to cyclotron resonance in monolayer and bilayer graphene. Phys. Rev. B 81, 075407 (2010).

Article  Google Scholar 

Henriksen, E. A. et al. Interaction-induced shift of the cyclotron resonance of graphene using infrared spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 067404 (2010).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xu, X., Gabor, N. M., Alden, J. S., Van Der Zande, A. M. & McEuen, P. L. Photo-thermoelectric effect at a graphene interface junction. Nano Lett. 10, 562–566 (2010).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Checkelsky, J. G. & Ong, N. P. Thermopower and Nernst effect in graphene in a magnetic field. Phys. Rev. B 80, 081413(R) (2009).

Article  Google Scholar 

Wei, P., Bao, W., Pu, Y., Lau, C. N. & Shi, J. Anomalous thermoelectric transport of Dirac particles in graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 166808 (2009).

Article  Google Scholar 

Lundeberg, M. B. & Koppens, F. H. L. Thermodynamic reciprocity in scanning photocurrent maps. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.04311 (2020).

Cao, H. et al. Photo-Nernst current in graphene. Nat. Phys. 12, 236–239 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Olbrich, P. et al. Giant photocurrents in a Dirac fermion system at cyclotron resonance. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 87, 235439 (2013).

Article  Google Scholar 

Fei, Z. et al. Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging. Nature 486, 82–85 (2012).

Article  Google Scholar 

Alonso-González, P. et al. Acoustic terahertz graphene plasmons revealed by photocurrent nanoscopy. Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 31–35 (2016).

Article  Google Scholar 

Giubileo, F. & Di Bartolomeo, A. The role of contact resistance in graphene field-effect devices. Prog. Surf. Sci. 92, 143–175 (2017).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen, X. et al. Rapid simulations of hyperspectral near-field images of three-dimensional heterogeneous surfaces—part II. Opt. Express 30, 11228 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Maissen, C., Chen, S., Nikulina, E., Govyadinov, A. & Hillenbrand, R. Probes for ultrasensitive THz nanoscopy. ACS Photonics 6, 1279–1288 (2019).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xin, N. et al. Giant magnetoresistance of Dirac plasma in high-mobility graphene. Nature 616, 270–274 (2023).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li, Q. et al. Chiral magnetic effect in ZrTe₅. Nat. Phys. 12, 550–554 (2016).

Article  Google Scholar 

Tseng, C. C. et al. Gate-tunable proximity effects in graphene on layered magnetic insulators. Nano Lett. 22, 8495–8501 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bloch, J., Cavalleri, A., Galitski, V., Hafezi, M. & Rubio, A. Strongly correlated electron–photon systems. Nature 606, 41–48 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ma, C. et al. Moiré band topology in twisted bilayer graphene. Nano Lett. 20, 6076–6083 (2020).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yu, J. et al. Correlated Hofstadter spectrum and flavour phase diagram in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 18, 825–831 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hu, B., Tao, J., Zhang, Y. & Wang, Q. J. Magneto-plasmonics in graphene-dielectric sandwich. Opt. Express 22, 21727 (2014).

Article  Google Scholar 

Yan, H. et al. Infrared spectroscopy of tunable Dirac terahertz magneto-plasmons in graphene. Nano Lett. 12, 3766–3771 (2012).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kim, R. H. J., Park, J.-M., Haeuser, S. J., Luo, L. & Wang, J. A sub-2 Kelvin cryogenic magneto-terahertz scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (cm-THz-sSNOM). Rev. Sci. Instrum. 94, 043702 (2023).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fei, Z. et al. Infrared nanoscopy of Dirac plasmons at the graphene-SiO₂ interface. Nano Lett. 11, 4701–4705 (2011).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Knoll, B. & Keilmann, F. Enhanced dielectric contrast in scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy. Opt. Commun. 182, 321–328 (2000).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Purdie, D. G. et al. Cleaning interfaces in layered materials heterostructures. Nat. Commun. 9, 5387 (2018).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang, L. et al. One-dimensional electrical contact to a two-dimensional material. Science 342, 614–617 (2013).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar