• Landrigan P.J.
• et al.

The Lancet Commission on pollution and health.

Lancet. 2018; 391: 462-512

• Hokkanen S.
• et al.

A review on modification methods to cellulose-based adsorbents to improve adsorption capacity.

Water Res. 2016; 91: 156-173

• Azubuike C.C.
• et al.

Bioremediation techniques-classification based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects.

World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2016; 32: 180

• de Quadros Melo D.
• et al.

Chemical modifications of lignocellulosic materials and their application for removal of cations and anions from aqueous solutions.

J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016; 133: 43286

• Banat F.A.
• et al.

Adsorption of phenol by bentonite.

Environ. Pollut. 2000; 107: 391-398

• Biswas B.
• et al.

Clays and modified clays in remediating environmental pollutants.

Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2020; 27: 38381-38383

• Huang Z.
• et al.

Modified bentonite adsorption of organic pollutants of dye wastewater.

Mater. Chem. Phys. 2017; 202: 266-276

• James A.M.
• et al.

Selective environmental remediation of strontium and cesium using sulfonated hyper-cross-linked polymers (SHCPs).

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2019; 11: 22464-22473

• Woodard S.
• et al.

Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC.

Remediation. 2017; 27: 19-27

• Wang B.
• et al.

Highly stable Zr(IV)-based metal–organic frameworks for the detection and removal of antibiotics and organic explosives in water.

Am. Chem. J. 2016; 138: 6204-6216

• Kirchon A.
• et al.

Effect of isomorphic metal substitution on the Fenton and photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue using Fe-based metal–organic frameworks.

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2020; 12: 9292-9299

• Wen Y.
• et al.

Integrated photocatalytic reduction and oxidation of perfluorooctanoic acid by metal–organic frameworks: key insights into the degradation mechanisms.

Am. Chem. J. 2022; 144: 11840-11850

• Teng W.
• et al.

Rapid and efficient removal of microcystins by ordered mesoporous silica.

Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013; 47: 8633-8641

• Mureseanu M.
• et al.

Modified SBA-15 mesoporous silica for heavy metal ions remediation.

Chemosphere. 2008; 73: 1499-1504

• Suraja P.V.
• et al.

Photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutant over Ti and Co doped SBA-15: comparison of activities under visible light.

Chem. Eng. J. 2011; 176: 265-271

• Kochanek J.
• et al.

Biochar for intensification of plant-related industries to meet productivity, sustainability and economic goals: a review.

Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2022; 179106109

• Khan N.
• et al.

Biochar and environmental sustainability: emerging trends and techno-economic perspectives.

Bioresour. Technol. 2021; 332125102

• Rudi N.N.
• et al.

Evolution of adsorption process for manganese removal in water via agricultural waste adsorbents.

Heliyon. 2020; 6e05049

• Zhu H.
• et al.

Wood-derived materials for green electronics, biological devices, and energy applications.

Chem. Rev. 2016; 116: 9305-9374

• Tamjidi S.
• Ameri A.

A review of the application of sea material shells as low cost and effective bio-adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from wastewater.

Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2020; 27: 31105-31119

• Hasanpour M.
• Hatami M.

Application of three dimensional porous aerogels as adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions from water/wastewater: a review study.

Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2020; 284102247

• Mudhoo A.
• et al.

An analysis of the versatility and effectiveness of composts for sequestering heavy metal ions, dyes and xenobiotics from soils and aqueous milieus.

Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2020; 197110587

• Tshikovhi A.
• et al.

Nanocellulose-based composites for the removal of contaminants from wastewater.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020; 152: 616-632

• Ngwabebhoh F.A.
• Yildiz U.

Nature-derived fibrous nanomaterial toward biomedicine and environmental remediation: today’s state and future prospects.

J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019; 136: 47878

• Zerban F.W.

Vegetable decoloring carbons and their use in the cane sugar industry. Louisiana Bulletin No. 161.

Ramires-Jones,
1918

• Funke A.
• Ziegler F.

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: a summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering.

Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefin. 2010; 4: 160-177

• Ruan X.
• et al.

Formation, characteristics, and applications of environmentally persistent free radicals in biochars: a review.

Bioresour. Technol. 2019; 281: 457-468

• Xiong X.
• et al.

A review of biochar-based catalysts for chemical synthesis, biofuel production, and pollution control.

Bioresour. Technol. 2017; 246: 254-270

• Tang J.
• et al.

Characteristics of biochar and its application in remediation of contaminated soil.

J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2013; 116: 653-659

• Ippolito J.A.
• et al.

Feedstock choice, pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics: a comprehensive meta-data analysis review.

Biochar. 2020; 2: 421-438

• Guardia L.
• et al.

Winery wastes as precursors of sustainable porous carbons for environmental applications.

J. Clean. Prod. 2018; 193: 614-624

• Venkateshaiah A.
• et al.

Recycling non-food-grade tree gum wastes into nanoporous carbon for sustainable energy harvesting.

Green Chem. 2020; 22: 1198-1208

• Novak J.M.
• et al.

Designer biochars impact on corn grain yields, biomass production, and fertility properties of a highly-weathered ultisol.

Environments. 2019; 6: 64

• Ahmad M.
• et al.

Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review.

Chemosphere. 2014; 99: 19-33

• Li C.
• et al.

Carbonized cotton fibers via a facile method for highly sensitive solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

J. Sep. Sci. 2019; 42: 2155-2162

• Parthasarathy P.
• et al.

Char products from bamboo waste pyrolysis and acid activation.

Front. Mater. 2021; 7624791

• Meng Y.
• et al.

Understanding the local structure of disordered carbons from cellulose and lignin.

Wood Sci. Technol. 2021; 55: 587-606

• Fujishige M.
• et al.

Preparation of activated carbon from bamboo-cellulose fiber and its use for EDLC electrode material.

J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2017; 5: 1801-1808

• Qian W.-C.
• et al.

Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by modified bamboo hydrochar.

Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2018; 157: 300-306

• Sevilla M.
• Fuertes A.B.

The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose.

Carbon. 2009; 47: 2281-2289

• Sevilla M.
• Fuertes A.B.

Chemical and structural properties of carbonaceous products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides.

Chemistry. 2009; 15: 4195-4203

• Cui L.-P.
• et al.

Hydrolysis and carbonization mechanism of cotton fibers in subcritical water.

New Carbon Mater. 2018; 33: 245-251

• Zhao M.
• et al.

Thermal & chemical analyses of hydrothermally derived carbon materials from corn starch.

Fuel Process. Technol. 2016; 153: 43-49

• Fechler N.
• et al.

Salt and sugar: direct synthesis of high surface area carbon materials at low temperatures via hydrothermal carbonization of glucose under hypersaline conditions.

J. Mater. Chem. A. 2013; 1: 9418-9421

• Jung D.
• et al.

Hydrothermal carbonization of fructose: growth mechanism and kinetic model.

ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018; 6: 13877-13887

• Couhert C.
• et al.

Is it possible to predict gas yields of any biomass after rapid pyrolysis at high temperature from its composition in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin?.

Fuel. 2009; 88: 408-417

• Hosoya T.
• et al.

Pyrolysis behaviors of wood and its constituent polymers at gasification temperature.

J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 2007; 78: 328-336

• Deng J.
• et al.

Effects of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin on the structure and morphology of porous carbons.

ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2016; 4: 3750-3756

• Ehrburger P.
• et al.

Effect of carbonization on the porosity of beechwood.

Carbon. 1982; 20: 433-439

• Wang S.
• et al.

Pyrolysis behaviors of four O-acetyl-preserved hemicelluloses isolated from hardwoods and softwoods.

Fuel. 2015; 150: 243-251

• Gonzalez-Serrano E.
• et al.

Removal of water pollutants with activated carbons prepared from H₃PO₄ activation of lignin from kraft black liquors.

Water Res. 2004; 38: 3043-3050

• Shen Q.
• et al.

Lignin-based activated carbon fibers and controllable pore size and properties.

J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011; 121: 989-994

• Hayashi J.I.
• et al.

Preparation of activated carbon from lignin by chemical activation.

Carbon. 2000; 38: 1873-1878

• Hu J.
• et al.

Effect of temperature on structure evolution in char from hydrothermal degradation of lignin.

J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 2014; 106: 118-124

• Ehara K.
• et al.

Characterization of the lignin-derived products from wood as treated in supercritical water.

J. Wood Sci. 2002; 48: 320-325

• Daniel G.
• et al.

Chitosan-derived nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalyst for a sustainable upgrade of oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide in UV-assisted electro-Fenton water treatment.

ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2020; 8: 14425-14440

• Liu X.
• et al.

Net-like porous activated carbon materials from shrimp shell by solution-processed carbonization and H₃PO₄ activation for methylene blue adsorption.

Powder Technol. 2018; 326: 181-189

• Shen F.
• et al.

Crab shell-derived lotus rootlike porous carbon for high efficiency isomerization of glucose to fructose under mild conditions.

ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2019; 7: 4466-4472

• Hu X.
• et al.

High yields of solid carbonaceous materials from biomass.

Green Chem. 2019; 21: 1128-1140

• Tang Y.
• et al.

Co-pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic analysis of organic food waste and plastic.

Bioresour. Technol. 2018; 249: 16-23

• Opatokun S.A.
• et al.

Characterization of food waste and its digestate as feedstock for thermochemical processing.

Energy Fuel. 2016; 30: 1589-1597

• Hao W.
• et al.

Activated carbons prepared from hydrothermally carbonized waste biomass used as adsorbents for CO₂.

Appl. Energy. 2013; 112: 526-532

• Mašek O.
• et al.

Potassium doping increases biochar carbon sequestration potential by 45%, facilitating decoupling of carbon sequestration from soil improvement.

Sci. Rep. 2019; 9: 5514

• He M.
• et al.

Waste-derived biochar for water pollution control and sustainable development.

Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 2022; 3: 444-460

• Al-Rumaihi A.
• et al.

A review of pyrolysis technologies and feedstock: a blending approach for plastic and biomass towards optimum biochar yield.

Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2022; 167112715

• Veksha A.
• et al.

Pyrolysis of wood to biochar: increasing yield while maintaining microporosity.

Bioresour. Technol. 2014; 153: 173-179

• Huang H.
• et al.

Pyrolysis of water hyacinth biomass parts: bioenergy, gas emissions, and by-products using TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS analyses.

Energy Convers. Manag. 2020; 207112552

• Persson H.
• et al.

Fractionation of liquid products from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass by stepwise thermal treatment.

Energy. 2018; 154: 346-351

• Tomczyk A.
• et al.

Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects.

Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 2020; 19: 191-215

• Isikgor F.H.
• Becer C.R.

Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers.

Polym. Chem. 2015; 6: 4497-4559

• Reza M.T.
• et al.

Pelletization of biochar from hydrothermally carbonized wood.

Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy. 2012; 31: 225-234

• Peng J.
• et al.

Waste plastics as an effective binder for biochar pelletization.

Energy Fuel. 2021; 35: 13840-13846

• Meng X.
• et al.

Synthesis, characterization, and utilization of a lignin-based adsorbent for effective removal of azo dye from aqueous solution.

ACS Omega. 2020; 5: 2865-2877

• Zong E.
• et al.

A lignin-based nano-adsorbent for superfast and highly selective removal of phosphate.

J. Mater. Chem. A. 2018; 6: 9971-9983

• Ateia M.
• et al.

Rapid removal of poly-and perfluorinated alkyl substances by poly (ethylenimine)-functionalized cellulose microcrystals at environmentally relevant conditions.

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2018; 5: 764-769

• Chavan A.A.
• et al.

Spent coffee bioelastomeric composite foams for the removal of Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ from water.

ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2016; 4: 5495-5502

• Ren H.
• et al.

Efficient Pb (II) removal using sodium alginate–carboxymethyl cellulose gel beads: preparation, characterization, and adsorption mechanism.

Carbohydr. Polym. 2016; 137: 402-409

• Tran T.H.
• et al.

Removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions using carboxymethyl cellulose/sodium styrene sulfonate gels prepared by radiation grafting.

Carbohydr. Polym. 2017; 157: 335-343

• Wang W.
• Wang A.

Preparation, swelling, and stimuli-responsive characteristics of superabsorbent nanocomposites based on carboxymethyl cellulose and rectorite.

Polym. Adv. Technol. 2011; 22: 1602-1611

• Lorevice M.V.
• et al.

Porous cellulose nanofibril–natural rubber latex composite foams for oil and organic solvent absorption.

ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020; 3: 10954-10965

• Liang L.
• et al.

Chemically cross-linked cellulose nanocrystal aerogels for effective removal of cation dye.

Front. Chem. 2020; 8: 570

• Zhu L.
• et al.

Shapeable fibrous aerogels of metal–organic-frameworks templated with nanocellulose for rapid and large-capacity adsorption.

ACS Nano. 2018; 12: 4462-4468

• Zhong Y.-L.
• et al.

Three dimensional functionalized carbon/tin (IV) sulfide biofoam for photocatalytical purification of chromium (VI)-containing wastewater.

ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018; 6: 10660-10667

• Nadagouda M.N.
• Varma R.S.

Synthesis of thermally stable carboxymethyl cellulose/metal biodegradable nanocomposites for potential biological applications.

Biomacromolecules. 2007; 8: 2762-2767

• Dahlan N.A.
• et al.

Developing of a magnetite film of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted carboxymethyl polyvinyl alcohol (CMC-g-CMPVA) for copper removal.

Carbohydr. Polym. 2017; 173: 619-630

• Özkahraman B.
• et al.

Removal of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions using CMC based thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogel.

Clean (Weinh.). 2011; 39: 658-664

• Tang Y.
• et al.

Preparation of lignin sulfonate-based mesoporous materials for adsorbing malachite green from aqueous solution.

J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2016; 4: 2900-2910

• Peñaranda A.
• J.E. and Sabino, M. A.

Effect of the presence of lignin or peat in IPN hydrogels on the sorption of heavy metals.

Polym. Bull. 2010; 65: 495-508

• Yu C.
• et al.

The synthesis and absorption dynamics of a lignin-based hydrogel for remediation of cationic dye-contaminated effluent.

React. Funct. Polym. 2016; 106: 137-142

• Luo H.
• et al.

Preparation and properties of kraft lignin-N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel.

Bioresources. 2015; 10: 3507-3519

• Gassara F.
• et al.

Bisphenol A degradation in water by ligninolytic enzymes.

Chemosphere. 2013; 92: 1356-1360

• Yao Q.
• et al.

Adsorption of lead ions using a modified lignin hydrogel.

J. Polym. Res. 2014; 21: 465

• Sharma P.R.
• et al.

Nanocellulose from spinifex as an effective adsorbent to remove cadmium (II) from water.

ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018; 6: 3279-3290

• Gupta K.
• et al.

Amelioration of adsorptive efficacy by synergistic assemblage of functionalized graphene oxide with esterified cellulose nanofibers for mitigation of pharmaceutical waste.

J. Hazard. Mater. 2022; 424127541

• Sanchez L.M.
• et al.

Cellulose nanofibers/PVA blend polymeric beads containing in-situ prepared magnetic nanorods as dye pollutants adsorbents.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2022; 209: 1211-1221

• Liu P.
• et al.

Surface adsorption and self-assembly of Cu (II) ions on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers in aqueous media.

J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2016; 464: 175-182

• Batmaz R.
• et al.

Cellulose nanocrystals as promising adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes.

Cellulose. 2014; 21: 1655-1665

• Ge Y.
• Li Z.

Application of lignin and its derivatives in adsorption of heavy metal ions in water: a review.

ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018; 6: 7181-7192

• Sjahro N.
• et al.

Recent advances in the application of cellulose derivatives for removal of contaminants from aquatic environments.

Cellulose. 2021; 28: 7521-7557

• Krebsz M.
• et al.

Multiple applications of bio-graphene foam for efficient chromate ion removal and oil–water separation.

Chemosphere. 2021; 263127790

• Sanyang M.L.
• et al.

Effect of sugar palm-derived cellulose reinforcement on the mechanical and water barrier properties of sugar palm starch biocomposite films.

Bioresources. 2016; 11: 4134-4145

• Samaddar P.
• et al.

Polymer hydrogels and their applications toward sorptive removal of potential aqueous pollutants.

Polym. Rev. 2019; 59: 418-464

• Dai H.
• Huang H.

Modified pineapple peel cellulose hydrogels embedded with sepia ink for effective removal of methylene blue.

Carbohydr. Polym. 2016; 148: 1-10

• Sarkar K.
• et al.

Detoxification of Hg (II) from aqueous and enzyme media: pristine vs. tailored calcium alginate hydrogels.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2016; 91: 165-173

• Ali N.
• et al.

Nanoarchitectonics: porous hydrogel as bio-sorbent for effective remediation of hazardous contaminants.

J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 2022; ()

• Ha Y.
• et al.

Disulfide-mediated elongation of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein for use in producing self-healing hydrogel and dye-absorbing aerogel.

Acta Biomater. 2022; 145: 52-61

• Maity J.
• Ray S.K.

Enhanced adsorption of Cr (VI) from water by guar gum based composite hydrogels.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2016; 89: 246-255

• Bang S.
• et al.

Preventing postoperative tissue adhesion using injectable carboxymethyl cellulose-pullulan hydrogels.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017; 105: 886-893

• Capanema N.S.
• et al.

Superabsorbent crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose-PEG hydrogels for potential wound dressing applications.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018; 106: 1218-1234

• Rani M.
• et al.

Recent strategies for removal and degradation of persistent & toxic organochlorine pesticides using nanoparticles: a review.

J. Environ. Manag. 2017; 190: 208-222

• Peng X.
• et al.

Oxidized carbon nanotubes for simultaneous removal of endrin and Cd (Π) from water and their separation from water.

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2009; 84: 275-278

• Shi B.
• et al.

Adsorption of atrazine by natural organic matter and surfactant dispersed carbon nanotubes.

J. Environ. Sci. 2010; 22: 1195-1202

• Corsi I.
• et al.

Ecofriendly nanotechnologies and nanomaterials for environmental applications: key issue and consensus recommendations for sustainable and ecosafe nanoremediation.

Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2018; 154: 237-244

• Riva L.
• et al.

Nanostructured cellulose-based sorbent materials for water decontamination from organic dyes.

Nanomaterials. 2020; 10: 1570

• Liu S.
• et al.

TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers: a renewable nanomaterial for environmental and energy applications.

Adv. Mater. Technol. 2021; 6 ()

• Bilal M.
• et al.

Recent advances in the removal of dyes from wastewater using low-cost adsorbents.

J. Environ. Manag. 2022; 321115981

• Guerra F.D.
• et al.

Nanotechnology for environmental remediation: materials and applications.

Molecules. 2018; 23: 1760

• Hussain C.M.

The handbook of environmental remediation: classic and modern techniques.

Royal Society of Chemistry,
2020

• Kucharzyk K.H.
• et al.

Novel treatment technologies for PFAS compounds: a critical review.

J. Environ. Manag. 2017; 204: 757-764

• Sharma B.
• et al.

Contemporary enzyme based technologies for bioremediation: a review.

J. Environ. Manag. 2018; 210: 10-22

• Somu P.
• et al.

Immobilization of enzymes for bioremediation: a future remedial and mitigating strategy.

Environ. Res. 2022; 212113411

• Homaei A.A.
• et al.

Enzyme immobilization: an update.

J. Chem. Biol. 2013; 6: 185-205

• Zhang Z.
• et al.

Application progress of microbial immobilization technology based on biomass materials.

Bioresources. 2021; 16: 8509-8524

• Srivastava S.
• Gupta B.

Application of immobilization techniques in heavy metal and metalloid remediation.

in: Immobilization strategies. Springer,
2021: 581-595

• Wang L.
• et al.

Effects of the urease concentration and calcium source on enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation for lead remediation.

Front. Chem. 2022; 10892090

• Al-Maqdi K.A.
• et al.

Challenges and recent advances in enzyme-mediated wastewater remediation – a review.

Nanomaterials. 2021; 11: 3124

• Gu Y.
• et al.

A smart enzyme reactor based on a photo-responsive hydrogel for purifying water from phenol contaminated sources.

Soft Matter. 2022; 18: 826-831

• Mohamad N.R.
• et al.

An overview of technologies for immobilization of enzymes and surface analysis techniques for immobilized enzymes.

Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip. 2015; 29: 205-220

• Yuan H.
• et al.

Fundamentals and applications of enzyme powered micro/nano-motors.

Bioact. Mater. 2021; 6: 1727-1749

• Caparco A.A.
• et al.

Protein mediated enzyme immobilization.

Small. 2022; 182106425

• Bautista L.F.
• et al.

Immobilization strategies for laccase from Trametes versicolor on mesostructured silica materials and the application to the degradation of naphthalene.

Bioresour. Technol. 2010; 101: 8541-8548

• Liu Y.
• et al.

Immobilization of laccase on magnetic bimodal mesoporous carbon and the application in the removal of phenolic compounds.

Bioresour. Technol. 2012; 115: 21-26

• Fathali Z.
• et al.

Catalytic phenol removal using entrapped cross-linked laccase aggregates.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019; 122: 359-366

• Xu R.
• et al.

Triclosan removal by laccase immobilized on mesoporous nanofibers: strong adsorption and efficient degradation.

Chem. Eng. J. 2014; 255: 63-70

• Gao Y.
• et al.

Bioremediation of pesticide contaminated water using an organophosphate degrading enzyme immobilized on nonwoven polyester textiles.

Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2014; 54: 38-44

• Karajanagi S.S.
• et al.

Structure and function of enzymes adsorbed onto single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Langmuir. 2004; 20: 11594-11599

• Asuri P.
• et al.

Water-soluble carbon nanotube-enzyme conjugates as functional biocatalytic formulations.

Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2006; 95: 804-811

• Matto M.
• Husain Q.

Entrapment of porous and stable concanavalin A–peroxidase complex into hybrid calcium alginate–pectin gel.

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2006; 81: 1316-1323

• Dencheva N.
• et al.

Polymer-assisted biocatalysis: polyamide 4 microparticles as promising carriers of enzymatic function.

Catalysts. 2020; 10: 767

• Yu Z.
• et al.

Immobilization of esterase SulE in cross-linked gelatin/chitosan and its application in remediating soils polluted with tribenuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl.

Process Biochem. 2020; 98: 217-223

• Jiang K.
• et al.

Protein immobilization on carbon nanotubes via a two-step process of diimide-activated amidation.

J. Mater. Chem. 2004; 14: 37-39

• Feng W.
• Ji P.

Enzymes immobilized on carbon nanotubes.

Biotechnol. Adv. 2011; 29: 889-895

• Sturala J.
• et al.

Thiographene synthesized from fluorographene via xanthogenate with immobilized enzymes for environmental remediation.

Nanoscale. 2019; 11: 10695-10701

• Bilal M.
• et al.

Chitosan beads immobilized manganese peroxidase catalytic potential for detoxification and decolorization of textile effluent.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2016; 89: 181-189

• Wang Z.
• et al.

Recombinant lactase with a cellulose binding domain permits facile immobilization onto cellulose with retained activity.

Food Bioprod. Process. 2021; 126: 207-214

• Pogorilyi R.P.
• et al.

Sol-gel derived adsorbents with enzymatic and complexonate functions for complex water remediation.

Nanomaterials. 2017; 7: 298

• Klemm D.
• et al.

Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material.

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2005; 44: 3358-3393

• Nikolic T.
• et al.

Preparation of cellulosic fibers with biological activity by immobilization of trypsin on periodate oxidized viscose fibers.

Cellulose. 2014; 21: 1369-1380

• Wu R.
• et al.

Immobilization of pectinase on oxidized pulp fiber and its application in whitewater treatment.

Carbohydr. Polym. 2013; 97: 523-529

• Monier M.
• El-Sokkary A.M.A.

Modification and characterization of cellulosic cotton fibers for efficient immobilization of urease.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2012; 51: 18-24

• Tiller J.
• et al.

Soluble and film-forming cellulose derivatives with redox-chromogenic and enzyme immobilizing 1,4-phenylenediamine groups.

Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1999; 200: 1-9

• Jun L.Y.
• et al.

An overview of immobilized enzyme technologies for dye and phenolic removal from wastewater.

J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2019; 7102961

• Unuofin J.O.
• et al.

Aptitude of oxidative enzymes for treatment of wastewater pollutants: a laccase perspective.

Molecules. 2019; 24: 2064

• Ariaeenejad S.
• et al.

Application of the immobilized enzyme on magnetic graphene oxide nano-carrier as a versatile bi-functional tool for efficient removal of dye from water.

Bioresour. Technol. 2021; 319124228

• Ariaeenejad S.
• et al.

Highly efficient removal of dyes from wastewater using nanocellulose from quinoa husk as a carrier for immobilization of laccase.

Bioresour. Technol. 2022; 349126833

• Lv M.
• et al.

Immobilization of urease onto cellulose spheres for the selective removal of urea.

Cellulose. 2018; 25: 233-243

• Zhang F.
• et al.

Laccase immobilized on functionalized cellulose nanofiber/alginate composite hydrogel for efficient bisphenol A degradation from polluted water.

Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater. 2022; ()

• Zdarta J.
• et al.

Chitin-lignin material as a novel matrix for enzyme immobilization.

Mar. Drugs. 2015; 13: 2424-2446

• Matto M.
• Husain Q.

Redox-mediated decolorization of Direct Red 23 and Direct Blue 80 catalyzed by bioaffinity-based immobilized tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) peroxidase.

Biotechnol. J. 2008; 3: 1224-1231

• Matto M.
• Husain Q.

Decolorization of direct dyes by immobilized turnip peroxidase in batch and continuous processes.

Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2009; 72: 965-971

• Wu C.
• et al.

Immobilization of microbes on biochar for water and soil remediation: a review.

Environ. Res. 2022; 212113226

• Chen Y.
• et al.

Remediation of chromium-contaminated soil based on Bacillus cereus WHX-1 immobilized on biochar: Cr(VI) transformation and functional microbial enrichment.

Front. Microbiol. 2021; 12641913

• Chen Y.
• et al.

Simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) of diesel oil using immobilized Acinetobacter venetianus on porous material.

Chem. Eng. J. 2016; 289: 463-470

• Wang L.
• et al.

Effects of magnetic biochar-microbe composite on Cd remediation and microbial responses in paddy soil.

J. Hazard. Mater. 2021; 414125494

• Xie H.
• et al.

Fabrication of a novel immobilization system and its application for removal of anthracene from soil.

Biochem. Eng. J. 2015; 97: 8-16

• Ha N.T.H.
• et al.

Enhanced paraquat removal from contaminated water using cell-immobilized biochar.

Clean Techn. Environ. Policy. 2021; 24: 1073-1085

• Mahmoud M.E.
• et al.

Enhanced biosorptive removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by silicon dioxide nano-powder, heat inactivated and immobilized Aspergillus ustus.

Desalination. 2011; 279: 291-297

• Mahmoud M.E.
• et al.

High performance SiO₂-nanoparticles-immobilized-Penicillium funiculosum for bioaccumulation and solid phase extraction of lead.

Bioresour. Technol. 2012; 106: 125-132

• Tsekova K.
• et al.

Biosorption of copper(II) and cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions by free and immobilized biomass of Aspergillus niger.

Bioresour. Technol. 2010; 101: 1727-1731

• Barquilha C.E.R.
• et al.

Biosorption of nickel(II) and copper(II) ions in batch and fixed-bed columns by free and immobilized marine algae Sargassum sp.

J. Clean. Prod. 2017; 150: 58-64

• Ahmad A.
• et al.

Bio-composite of Fe-sludge biochar immobilized with Bacillus sp. in packed column for bio-adsorption of methylene blue in a hybrid treatment system: isotherm and kinetic evaluation.

Environ. Technol. Innov. 2021; 23101734

• Huebsch N.
• Mooney D.J.

Inspiration and application in the evolution of biomaterials.

Nature. 2009; 462: 426-432

• Li J.
• et al.

Sustainable environmental remediation via biomimetic multifunctional lignocellulosic nano-framework.

Nat. Commun. 2022; 13: 4368

• Baskar A.V.
• et al.

Recovery, regeneration and sustainable management of spent adsorbents from wastewater treatment streams: a review.

Sci. Total Environ. 2022; 822153555