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Top 8 Interview Questions on TensorFlow

Date:

 This article was published as a part of the Data Science Blogathon.

TensorFlow interview questions

Source: totaljobs.com

Introduction

TensorFlow is one of the and promising deep learning frameworks for devising novel deep learning solutions. Given its popularity and wide usage in companies, startups, and business firms to automate things and develop new systems, it is imperative to have a crystal clear understanding of this framework.

In this article, I have compiled a list of eight frequently asked questions thmight help you become more familiar with the TensorFlow framework and ace your next interview!

Interview Questions on TensorFlow

Following are some of the questions with detailed answers.

Question 1:

Answer: TensorFlow is a free and open-source Python-based library developed by the Google Brain team for creating/customizing machine learning applications and handling complex mathematical operations. It was open-sourced in 2015.

Tensor and flow are the two words that make up the name TensorFlow; a tensor is the data representation of a multi-dimensional array, and flow denotes a sequence of operations on tensors.

The TensorFlow platform helps the user put best practices for data automation, performance monitoring, model tracking, and model retraining into practice.

Question 2: What is Keras?

Answer: Keras is an open-source high-level API developed by Google as a part of the ONEIROS research project, and primarily its author/maintainer is François Chollet.

Keras is built on top of TensorFlow (TF) and serves as an interface for the TF library. It is written in Python programming language, simplifying the implementation of neural networks. Its user-friendliness, modularity, and extensibility enable several backend neural network computations and quick experimentation with deep neural networks.

Until version 2.3, Keras supported various backends like TensorFlow,  Theano, PlaidML, and Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit. However, from version 2.4, only TensorFlow is supported.

Question 3: Differentiate Between TensorFlow, Keras, and PyTorch.

Answer:

Tensorflow Keras PyTorch
Developed by Google Google Meta
Architecture Not easy to use Simple, readable, concise Complex, less readable
Speed of execution High Low High
Dataset
Due to its high execution speed, it is very effective at managing massive datasets.
It works well with smaller datasets because of its slow execution speed. It can effectively handle large datasets.
Debugging
Debugging is challenging to perform.
Debugging is comparatively more straightforward and isn’t often required. Compared to Keras and TensorFlow, debugging is easier.
Written in Python, C++, CUDA Python Python, C++, CUDA

Question 4: List Some Advantages of TensorFlow.

Answer: TensorFlow has various advantages, some of which are listed below:

  • TensorFlow is open-source, and it has a massive community.
  • A user can leverage a certain accelerator (GPU/TPU) based on the requirement. Moreover, it enables parallelism for distributed computing.
  • It features a flexible platform that is quite adaptable.
  • It offers support for queues, asynchronous computations, and threads.
  • TensorFlow also provides a specialized debugger called “tfdbg,” which helps track the internal structure and the state of the TensorFlow graphs while training and debugging.
  • TF offers a tool called TensorBoard, which helps visualize the TF graphs.
  • The module tf.data helps build effective pipelines for text/image/audio applications.
  • The TensorFlow framework helps in scaling up the DL applications. It works equally well on a mobile device as on a complex machine.
  • Numerous programming languages, including Python, C++, JavaScript, etc., are compatible with the TF framework.
  • Since Google backs it, it receives frequent updates and is capable of putting on a remarkable performance.
  • Auto-differentiation feature is present in this.

Question 5: List a Few Limitations of TensorFlow.

Answer: Apart from the advantages listed above, the TensorFlow framework has some disadvantages too, which are listed below:

  • Despite all of the advantages of TensorFlow, Windows users can only access a specific set of its functionalities. This isn’t the case with Linux users, who have access to a vast range of capabilities.
  • Support for Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is not available yet.
  • TensorFlow receives regular updates, making it necessary for a user to periodically uninstall and reinstall it to keep up with and incorporate its most recent updates.
  • Homophones are often used as names of TF contents, making it difficult for users to recall and use. Confusion arises because one name is used for several different things.
  • Even though TensorFlow makes the code smaller and more user-friendly, it also adds a layer of complexity. Each code needs a certain platform for its execution, increasing dependency.
  • When it comes to offering symbolic loops for indefinite sequences, TensorFlow lags.

Question 6: How Would You Determine the TensorFlow Version Using Python Code?

Answer: 

import tensorflow as tf
print(tf.__version__)

Question 7: What are Tensors? Could You Explain Scalar, Vector, and Matrix in Terms of  Tensor?

Answer: Tensors are multi-dimensional arrays with a uniform datatype and are immutable, i.e., we can’t update their content. These are very much like arrays; however, they are of higher dimensions.

Tensors represent a wide variety of data, like images, audio, text, etc., in numeric form. One can quickly get tensors if one is familiar with the NumPy arrays. TensorFlow offers methods for creating tensor functions and computing their derivatives automatically. This is one key aspect differentiating tensors from the Numpy arrays.

For training the machine learning model, the input data in the numerical form (i.e., feature vectors – list of objects) is passed. These feature vectors serve as the initial input for creating a tensor.

Scalar, Vector, Matrix in terms of Tensor:

TensorFlow

Figure 1: Pictorial illustration of Scalar, Vector, Matrix, and Tensor (Source: hadrienj.github.io)

1. Scalar:  A scalar is a rank-0 tensor that holds a single value and has no axes.

import tensorflow as tf
value1 = 4
scalar = tf.constant(value1)
print(scalar)

>> Output:

2. Vector: Vector is a rank-1 tensor, more like a list of values, and has one axis.

value2 = [2.0, 3.0, 4.0]
vector = tf.constant(value2)
print(vector)

>> Output:

3. Matrix: A matrix is a “rank-2” tensor with two axes.

value3 = [[1, 2],
          [3, 4],
          [5, 6]]
matrix = tf.constant(value3)
print(matrix)

>> Output: tf.Tensor([[1 2]

                                      [3 4]

                                      [5 6]], shape=(3, 2), dtype=int32)

TensorFlow

Question 8: How Would You Check the Datatype of a Tensor?


Answer:
To answer this, we will be utilizing the tensor we used in the above question and dtype to determine the output’s data type.

value3 = [[1, 2],
          [3, 4],
          [5, 6]]
matrix = tf.constant(value3)
print(matrix.dtype)
>> Output: tf.int32

Hence, the data type of the given tensor is tf.int32.

Conclusion

This article covers some of the most imperative TensorFlow framework-related interview questions that could be asked in data science interviews. Using these interview questions as a guide, you can not only enhance your understanding of the fundamental concepts but also formulate effective answers and present them to the interviewer.

To sum it up, the key takeaways from this article are:

  1. TensorFlow is a free and open-source Python-based library developed by the Google Brain team for creating/customizing machine learning applications and handling complex mathematical operations.
  2. Keras is an open-source, high-level, python-based API developed by Google which serves as an interface for the TF library.
  3. TensorFlow has various advantages, e.g., the DL applications can be scaled up using the TensorFlow framework. It also offers a debugger (tfdbg) and support for queues, asynchronous computations, and threads.
  4. Despite all the advantages, TensorFlow has some limitations too, e.g., TensorFlow receives regular updates. Hence, a user needs to periodically uninstall/reinstall it to keep up with and incorporate its most recent updates.
  5. The TensorFlow version can be determined using tf.__version__.
  6. Tensors are multi-dimensional arrays with a uniform data type and are immutable, i.e., we can’t update their content. These are much like arrays; however, they are of higher dimensions.

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