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Thermodynamic length in open quantum systems

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Matteo Scandi and Martí Perarnau-Llobet

Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany

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Abstract

The dissipation generated during a quasistatic thermodynamic process can be characterised by introducing a metric on the space of Gibbs states, in such a way that minimally-dissipating protocols correspond to geodesic trajectories. Here, we show how to generalize this approach to open quantum systems by finding the thermodynamic metric associated to a given Lindblad master equation. The obtained metric can be understood as a perturbation over the background geometry of equilibrium Gibbs states, which is induced by the Kubo-Mori-Bogoliubov (KMB) inner product. We illustrate this construction on two paradigmatic examples: an Ising chain and a two-level system interacting with a bosonic bath with different spectral densities.

Any thermodynamic protocol performed in finite time produces dissipation, and it is a crucial question how to minimise it. A particularly powerful approach to address this question is by means of differential geometry: one can associate a metric in the thermodynamic space in such a way geodesics correspond to minimally dissipative processes. In this paper we apply this idea (which started in the 80s for macroscopic systems) to open quantum systems described by a Lindblad equation, so that the problem of finding optimal thermodynamic protocols between two Hamiltonians reduces to the one of solving the geodesics equation. Differences with previous classical works appear in the presence of coherences in the energy basis, which are created when the Hamiltonian does not commute with itself at different times. We illustrate these ideas for a qubit coupled to a bath with different spectral densities, and an Ising chain in a controllable transverse field.

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[73] Elisa Bäumer, Martí Perarnau-Llobet, Philipp Kammerlander, Henrik Wilming, and Renato Renner. Imperfect Thermalizations Allow for Optimal Thermodynamic Processes. Quantum, 3: 153, June 2019. ISSN 2521-327X. 10.22331/​q-2019-06-24-153. URL https:/​/​doi.org/​10.22331/​q-2019-06-24-153.
https:/​/​doi.org/​10.22331/​q-2019-06-24-153

[74] Roie Dann, Ander Tobalina, and Ronnie Kosloff. Shortcut to equilibration of an open quantum system. Phys. Rev. Lett., 122: 250402, Jun 2019. 10.1103/​PhysRevLett.122.250402. URL https:/​/​link.aps.org/​doi/​10.1103/​PhysRevLett.122.250402.
https:/​/​doi.org/​10.1103/​PhysRevLett.122.250402

Cited by

[1] John Goold, “Geometry and quantum thermodynamics”, Quantum Views 3, 28 (2019).

[2] Harry J. D. Miller, Matteo Scandi, Janet Anders, and Martí Perarnau-Llobet, “Work Fluctuations in Slow Processes: Quantum Signatures and Optimal Control”, Physical Review Letters 123 23, 230603 (2019).

[3] Giacomo Guarnieri, Gabriel T. Landi, Stephen R. Clark, and John Goold, “Thermodynamics of precision in quantum nonequilibrium steady states”, Physical Review Research 1, 033021 (2019).

[4] Roie Dann, Ander Tobalina, and Ronnie Kosloff, “Shortcut to Equilibration of an Open Quantum System”, Physical Review Letters 122 25, 250402 (2019).

[5] Paolo Abiuso and Vittorio Giovannetti, “Non-Markov enhancement of maximum power for quantum thermal machines”, Physical Review A 99 5, 052106 (2019).

[6] Pablo Terrén Alonso, Javier Romero, and Liliana Arrachea, “Work exchange, geometric magnetization, and fluctuation-dissipation relations in a quantum dot under adiabatic magnetoelectric driving”, Physical Review B 99 11, 115424 (2019).

[7] Elisa Bäumer, Martí Perarnau-Llobet, Philipp Kammerlander, Henrik Wilming, and Renato Renner, “Imperfect Thermalizations Allow for Optimal Thermodynamic Processes”, arXiv:1712.07128.

[8] Kay Brandner and Keiji Saito, “Thermodynamic Geometry of Microscopic Heat Engines”, arXiv:1907.06780.

The above citations are from Crossref’s cited-by service (last updated successfully 2020-01-23 10:25:35) and SAO/NASA ADS (last updated successfully 2020-01-23 10:25:36). The list may be incomplete as not all publishers provide suitable and complete citation data.

Source: https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2019-10-24-197/

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