Currently, men use testosterone pills, testosterone gel or injections to restore normal levels of the male hormone. The pharmaceutical industry’s relentless advertising campaigns promise that this “low testosterone” treatment will make men more alert, more energetic and sexier. However, the side effects persist. For example, some older men taking testosterone injection may face increased heart risks.

Signs of low testosterone

• Reduced muscle and bone mass
• An increase in body fat
• Fatigue
• Increase in breast size
• Hot flashes
• Sexual function Decreased libido
• Decreased spontaneous erections
• Difficulty maintaining an erection

What are the risks of testosterone treatment?

A relatively small number of men experience immediate side effects from testosterone treatment, such as acne, difficulty breathing during sleep, chest swelling or pain, or swollen ankles.

Men who take testosterone long-term appear to be at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, such as heart attacks, strokes, and death from cardiovascular disease. The Testosterone in Older Men study was stopped in 2010, for example, when initial results showed that men on hormones had significantly more heart problems. “In older men, theoretical cardiac side effects become more immediate,” Pallet notes.

Some doctors are also concerned that testosterone treatment may stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells. As with hypothetical heart risks, the evidence is mixed. But since prostate cancer is so common, doctors tend to be cautious when prescribing testosterone to men who might be at risk. You can always order steroids quickly and conveniently from this online store. at the best price.

In men with low blood testosterone levels, the benefits of hormone replacement therapy usually outweigh the potential risks. However, for most other men, this is a joint decision with your doctor. Testosterone makes men feel better if they feel bad. But this quick fix can distract from unknown long-term dangers. “I can’t tell you for sure that it increases your personal risk of heart problems and prostate cancer, or that it doesn’t.

Pharmacodynamie

A major endogenous androgen responsible for the growth and development of male genitalia and the maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. These effects include growth and maturation of the prostate, seminal vesicles, penis and scrotum; the development of male-type hair, especially on the face, pubis, chest and armpits; enlargement of the larynx, thickening of the vocal cords and changes in body musculature and fat distribution.

Androgens also cause retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium and phosphorus and decreased excretion of calcium in the urine. Androgens increase protein anabolism and decrease their catabolism. Nitrogen balance improves only with sufficient calorie and protein intake.

In many tissues, the activity of testosterone depends on its reduction to dihydrotestosterone, which binds to receptor proteins in the cytosol. The steroid-receptor complex is transported to the nucleus, where it triggers transcription events and cellular changes associated with androgen action.

Androgens are responsible for the growth spurt in adolescence and the eventual arrest of linear growth caused by the fusion of epiphyseal growth centers. In children, exogenous androgens accelerate the rate of linear growth, but can cause a disproportionate acceleration of bone maturation. Long-term use may cause the epiphyseal growth centers to fuse and stop the growth process. Androgens stimulate the production of red blood cells by increasing the production of erythropoietic stimulating factor.

Upon administration of exogenous androgens, endogenous testosterone release is suppressed by LH inhibition according to the feedback principle. At high doses of exogenous androgens, spermatogenesis can also be inhibited by feedback inhibition of FSH. There is no conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of androgens in fractures, surgery, and functional uterine bleeding.

Insufficient secretion of testosterone leads to a clinical syndrome, male hypogonadism, which has two main etiologies. Primary hypogonadism is due to gonadal abnormalities such as Klinefelter syndrome or Leydig cell aplasia; secondary hypogonadism is due to an inability of the hypothalamus (or pituitary gland) to produce enough LHRH (or gondotropins – FSH or LH).

Source: Plato Data Intelligence: PlatoData.io