We investigate the local electronic structure of a Sinai-like, quadrilateral graphene quantum billiard with zigzag and armchair edges using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature. It is revealed that besides the $(\sqrt{3}\times \sqrt{3})R{30}^{\circ }$ superstructure, which is caused by the intervalley scattering, its overtones also appear in the STM measurements, which are attributed to the Umklapp processes. We point out that these results can be well understood by taking into account the Coulomb interaction in the quantum billiard, accounting for both the measured density of state values and the experimentally observed topography patterns. The analysis of the level-spacing distribution substantiates the experimental findings as well. We also reveal the magnetic properties of our system which should be relevant in future graphene based electronic and spintronic applications.

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• Received 9 November 2016
• Revised 26 January 2017

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.075123

Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

Source: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.075123