The canjin makamashi mai sabuntawa zai buƙaci abubuwa masu yawa, kuma akwai fargabar da za mu iya fuskantar karancin wasu karafa masu mahimmanci nan ba da jimawa ba. Masu binciken gwamnatin Amurka suna tunanin za mu iya yin igiya a cikin tsire-tsire don hakar ma'adinan waɗannan karafa da tushensu.

Koren fasahohin kamar hasken rana da motocin lantarki ana amfani da su a wani matakin da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba, amma wannan kuma yana dagula yanayin. sarƙoƙin samar da ke tallafa musu. Wani yanki na musamman ya haɗa da karafa da ake buƙata don gina batura, injin turbin iska, da sauran na'urorin lantarki na ci gaba waɗanda ke ba da ƙarfin canjin makamashi.

Maiyuwa ba za mu iya ci gaba da yunƙurin ci gaban da ake hasashe ba a halin yanzu na samar da yawancin waɗannan ma'adanai, kamar lithium, cobalt, da nickel. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan karafa kuma ana samun su ne daga ƙasashen da ayyukan hakar ma'adinan su ke haifar da haƙƙin ɗan adam mai tsanani ko damuwa na siyasa.

Don rarraba kayayyaki, hukumar bincike ta gwamnati ARPA-E tana ba da dala miliyan 10 a cikin kudade don gano "phytomining", wanda ake amfani da wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire don fitar da karafa masu mahimmanci daga ƙasa ta hanyar tushen su. Aikin yana mai da hankali kan nickel na farko, ƙarfe mai mahimmancin baturi, amma a ka'idar, ana iya faɗaɗa shi zuwa wasu ma'adanai.

"Domin cim ma burin da Shugaba Biden ya gindaya don cimma burinmu na makamashi mai tsafta, da kuma tallafawa tattalin arzikinmu da tsaron kasa, zai dauki hanyar kai-tsaye da sabbin hanyoyin magance," ARPA-E darekta Evelyn Wang ya ce a cikin wani latsa saki.

"Ta hanyar binciken phytomining don cire nickel a matsayin farkon manufa mai mahimmanci abu, ARPA-E yana da nufin cimma gasa mai tsada da ƙarancin sawun ƙafar carbon da ake buƙata don tallafawa canjin makamashi."

Tunanin phytomining ya kasance na ɗan lokaci kuma ya dogara ga nau'in tsire-tsire da aka sani da "hyperaccumulators." Waɗannan nau'ikan suna iya ɗaukar ƙarfe mai yawa ta tushensu kuma su adana shi a cikin kyallen jikinsu. Phytomining ya haɗa da shuka waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai yawan karafa, girbi da kona tsire-tsire, sannan cire karafa daga toka.

Aikin ARPA-E, wanda aka fi sani da Plant HYperaccumulators TO Mine Nickel-Enriched Soils (PHYTOMINES), yana mai da hankali kan nickel saboda an riga an sami manyan abubuwan haɓaka da yawa waɗanda aka sani don ɗaukar ƙarfe. Amma gano, ko ƙirƙira, nau'in nau'ikan da ke iya haƙar karafa ta fuskar tattalin arziki a Arewacin Amurka zai kasance babban ƙalubale.

Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin farko na aikin shine inganta yawan adadin nickel da waɗannan tsire-tsire za su iya ɗauka. Wannan zai iya haɗawa da kiwo ko gyaran shuke-shuke don inganta waɗannan dabi'un ko canza microbiome na ko dai tsire-tsire ko ƙasa da ke kewaye don haɓaka sha.

Har ila yau, hukumar tana son samun kyakkyawar fahimta game da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli da tattalin arziki da za su iya tabbatar da yiwuwar tsarin, kamar tasirin ma'adinan ƙasa, matsayin mallakar filaye na wurare masu ban sha'awa, da kuma tsadar rayuwa na aikin phytomining.

Amma yayin da har yanzu ra'ayin yana kan wani mataki mai ban tsoro, akwai yuwuwar yuwuwa.

Dave McNear, masanin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Kentucky ya ce "A cikin ƙasa mai ɗauke da kusan kashi 5 cikin dari na nickel-wanda ke da kyau gurɓatacce - za ku sami ash wanda ke kusan kashi 25 zuwa 50 na nickel bayan kun ƙone shi," Dave McNear, masanin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Kentucky. ya gaya Hanyar shawo kan matsala.

"Idan aka kwatanta, inda kuke hako shi daga ƙasa, daga dutse, yana da kusan .02 bisa dari nickel. Don haka kuna da oda da yawa mafi girma a cikin wadata, kuma yana da ƙarancin ƙazanta.

Har ila yau, phytomining zai kasance ƙasa da lahani ga muhalli fiye da hakar ma'adinai na gargajiya, kuma yana iya taimakawa wajen gyara ƙasa da ta gurɓace da karafa don a iya noma su bisa ga al'ada. Yayin da ake mai da hankali a halin yanzu akan nickel, ana iya ƙaddamar da tsarin zuwa wasu karafa masu mahimmanci kuma.

Babban kalubalen shine nemo tsiron da ya dace da yanayin Amurka wanda ke girma cikin sauri. “Matsalar a tarihi ita ce, ba sau da yawa tsire-tsire ba su da amfani sosai,” in ji Patrick Brown, masanin kimiyyar shuka a Jami’ar California, Davis, ya ce. Hanyar shawo kan matsala. "Kuma kalubalen shine dole ne ku sami babban abun ciki na nickel da babban biomass don cimma sakamako mai ma'ana, mai inganci."

Har yanzu, idan masu bincike za su iya daidaita wannan da'irar, hanyar za ta iya zama hanya mai ban sha'awa don haɓaka wadatar ma'adanai masu mahimmanci da ake buƙata don tallafawa sauye-sauye zuwa tattalin arziƙin kore.

Kirkirar Hoto: Nickel hyperaccumulator Alyssum argenteum / David Stang ta hanyar Wikimedia Commons

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• Source: https://singularityhub.com/2024/03/28/these-plants-could-mine-crucial-battery-materials-from-the-soil-with-their-roots/