HELSINKI - Kasar Sin na ci gaba da kara sabbin mambobi cikin shirinta na tashar binciken wata ta kasa da kasa, amma da yawa daga cikinsu na kasa da kasa ne, lamarin da ke nuna batutuwan da ke jawo hankalin abokan hulda.
Sabon ci gaba ya ga Asociación de Astronomía de Colombia (ASASAC) ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna kan hadin gwiwa kan ILRS tare da dakin gwaje-gwaje na binciken sararin samaniya na kasar Sin (DSEL) a farkon wannan watan. DSEL sanar yarjejeniyar Maris 27.
Kyrgyzstan Arabaev Jami'ar Jihar Kyrgyzstan sanya hannu MoU a farkon Maris. PT Universal Satelit Indonesia (UniSat) sanya hannu a watan Disamba. Waɗannan su ne na baya-bayan nan a cikin jerin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa-da-kasa ko masu zaman kansu-kamar kamfanoni, jami'o'i da ƙungiyoyin taurari—waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan MoUs tare da DSEL. Sauran sun hada da Jami'ar Sharjah ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) da Kungiyar Kula da Lunar Duniya ta Hawaii (ILOA).
"Da alama kasar Sin tana fuskantar matsaloli fiye da yadda ake tsammani wajen shigar da abokan hulda a cikin shirinta na ILRS. Ciki har da ƙungiyoyin farar hula da jami'o'i na iya nuna rashin samun ingantattun hanyoyin," in ji Marc Julienne, shugaban bincike na kasar Sin na Cibiyar Hulda da Ƙasa ta Faransa (IFRI), SpaceNews.
Julienne ta kara da cewa, kasar Sin ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa kan ILRS tare da kasa daya kawai: Misira. Ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna tare da jihohi biyu kawai, Afirka ta Kudu da kuma Pakistan, yayin da ya sanya hannu kan "maganganun haɗin gwiwa kan haɗin gwiwa" tare da ƙananan matakan Venezuela, Belarus da kuma Azerbaijan.
Matsalolin geopolitical
ILRS wani shiri ne da China ke jagoranta, tun farko shirin Sino-Rasha mai layi daya da kuma ware daga shirin Artemis na NASA. Dukansu suna nufin kafa kasancewar wata mai ɗorewa kuma suna tsunduma cikin jawo abokan hulɗa.
Mamayewar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine a watan Fabrairun 2022 ya yi tasiri ga kokarin ILRS. China na da akai-akai tsallake kowane ambato na Rasha a matsayin abokin tarayya na ILRS tun daga wannan lokacin, kodayake har yanzu Rasha ya kasance cikin hannu. Har ila yau, fannin sararin samaniyar kasar Rasha ya sha wahala bayan fara mamayewar da ta yi, yayin da aikinta na Luna 25, wanda aka fi sani da ILRS. ƙare cikin gazawa.
A watan da ya gabata Uruguay ta zama ta Kasa ta 36 don rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Artemis wanda ke bayyana mafi kyawun ayyuka a cikin binciken wata da zurfin binciken sararin samaniya. Kasar Sin ta ce tana shirin kafa wata kungiya mai suna ILRSCO, don daidaita shirin ILRS. Za a yi hedikwata a birnin Hefei da ke lardin Anhui.
Julienne ta lura cewa, hadin gwiwar dake tsakaninta da sararin samaniyar kasar Sin tana kallon "Kudancin Duniya". Wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin ingantattun hanyoyi da kuma manyan dalilan diflomasiyya.
"Babban kalubale ga kasar Sin wajen shigar da kasashen "Global South" a cikin ILRS, shi ne cewa kasashe ko dai suna da shirin sararin samaniya kuma suna hada kai da Amurka, Turai ko Japan, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu sun riga sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Artemis tare da Amurka, kamar Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, UAE, da Uruguay, ko ba su da ko shirin sararin samaniya, kamar Venezuela, Azerbaijan, Belarus, da Pakistan."
A shari'ar farko, kasar Sin ba ta da damar samun nasarar wadannan kasashe a kan Amurka, in ji Julienne. A karo na biyu, ga kasashen da ba su da kwarewa a wannan fanni ko kuma ba su da kwarewa, sau da yawa ba a ba da fifiko ga sararin samaniya ba, sabili da haka ba sa zama abokan hulda mai karfi ga kasar Sin.
Abokan haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen duniya na iya ba da hanya don yin tasiri da haɗin gwiwa, har ma tare da UAE, wanda ke sa hannun Artemis kuma shiga cikin Gateway.
| Sa hannun LRS | type |
|---|---|
| Sin | Kasa |
| Belarus | Kasa |
| Pakistan | Kasa |
| Azerbaijan | Kasa |
| Rasha | Kasa |
| Venezuela | Kasa |
| Afirka ta Kudu | Kasa |
| Misira | Kasa |
| Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Sararin Samaniya ta Asiya-Pacific (APSCO) | Kungiyar gwamnatocin kasa da kasa |
| nanoSPACE AG (Switzerland) | Tabbatar |
| Ƙungiyar Kula da Lunar ta Duniya (ILOA, Hawaii) | Kungiyar |
| Cibiyar Nazarin Astronomical ta Kasa ta Thailand (NARIT) | Cibiyar |
| Jami'ar Sharjah (UAE) | Jami'ar |
| Ƙungiyar Adriatic Aerospace Association (A3) (Croatia) | Kungiyar |
| Asociación de Astronomía de Colombia (ASASAC) | Kungiyar |
| Arabaev Kyrgyzstan State University (Kyrgyzstan) | Jami'ar |
| PT Universal Satelit Indonesia (UniSat) | Tabbatar |
Lunar kayayyakin more rayuwa
Diflomasiya daya ce kawai na sabbin shirye-shiryen wata. Duka ayyukan Artemis da ILRS suna buƙatar albarkatun tattalin arziki da fasaha. NASA ta nuna rokar ta SLS mai nauyi mai nauyi. SpaceX a halin yanzu yana aiki don yin Starship aiki.
Kasar Sin tana bunkasa Dogon Maris 10 roka don jirgin sama na ɗan adam wanda ya wuce ƙaƙƙarfan kewayar duniya. Tana shirin tura 'yan sama jannatin ta na farko zuwa duniyar wata kafin 2030 ta yin amfani da ƙaddamar da Dogon Maris 10 guda biyu. Ma'aikatan jirgin za su harba kan roka daya, tare da ci gaba Lunar lander tari don ƙaddamarwa daban akan wani.
Mafi girma Dogon Maris 9 roka-wanda ya bayyana an yi canje-canjen ƙira da yawa, musamman don sake amfani da su- ana sa ran zai fara aiki a cikin 2030s. Wannan ƙaddamarwa zai sauƙaƙa manyan ayyukan abubuwan more rayuwa na wata. An bayyana waɗannan a cikin taswirar ILRS ta China da Rasha da aka buɗe a cikin 2021.
China makon jiya ya ƙaddamar da Queqiao-2 tauraron dan adam sadarwar duniyar wata. Yana shiga farkon 200 x 100,000-kilomita 112 hours daga baya. Za a gyara wannan zuwa cikin sa'o'i 24, mai matuƙar elliptical "daskararre" kewayen kewayawa. Ƙananan tauraron dan adam guda biyu Sun kasance a cikin harba, mai suna Tiandu-1 da Tiandu-2. Waɗannan su ne masu gano hanya don faɗaɗa da aka tsara Queqiao constellation don samar da kewayawa na wata da sabis na sadarwa.
Queqiao-2 zai sauƙaƙe da Chang'e-6 Nunar gefen samfurin dawowar manufa, ƙaddamarwa a watan Mayu. Daga baya zai goyi bayan nan gaba Chang'e-7 da kuma Chang'e-8 Lunar kudu iyakacin duniya saukowa. Manufofin su ne maƙasudai da aka yi niyya don kafa "tushen ƙirar" na ILRS. Hakanan za su gwada mahimman fasahohin da suka haɗa da amfani da albarkatu a cikin wurin. Tauraron tauraron dan adam na iya taka rawa a hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa.
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- Source: https://spacenews.com/china-adds-new-moon-base-project-partners-but-struggles-to-attract-national-level-participation/
